the dawnland
1713 Treaty of Portsmouth page 1
The traditional homeland of the Abenaki is Wobanakik ("Place of the Dawn"), what is now called Northern New England and Southern Quebec. The St Francis/Sokoki Band with other bands, including the Pennacook, Winnipesaukee, Pigwacket, and Cowasuck, comprise the Western Abenaki (Vermont and New Hampshire), while the Eastern Abenaki, including the Penobscot, Androscoggin, Wawenock and Passamaquoddy, reside in Maine. Abenaki also live in Quebec, with sizable communities at Okanak and Wolinak (Becancour). Both Eastern and Western Abenaki belong to the Wabenaki Confederation along with the neighboring Passamaquoddy, Penobscot, Micmac and Mamiseet bands of Maine and the Maritimes area. All are part of the Algonquian-speaking linguistic family that includes Native peoples in the Northeastern United States and Eastern-central Canada. The regional influence of these nations is mapped above (cartography by Stacy Morin).
The Wabanaki treaties in the 17th and 18th centuries involved the Maliseet, Mi'kmaq, Passamaquoddy and Penobscot Nations. The signers of the 1713 Treaty of Portsmouth were identified as members of the Penobscot, Kennebec and St. John's River groups and this website focuses on those Nations.
The Wabanaki treaties in the 17th and 18th centuries involved the Maliseet, Mi'kmaq, Passamaquoddy and Penobscot Nations. The signers of the 1713 Treaty of Portsmouth were identified as members of the Penobscot, Kennebec and St. John's River groups and this website focuses on those Nations.
1713 Treaty of Portsmouth, page 2
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1713 Treaty of Portsmouth, page 3
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1713 Treaty of Portsmouth, page 4
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